By this point in your life, you will have already realized that emotions are a fairly complicated subject. Understanding emotional symmetry and putting it into practice is even more difficult. However, the possibility of achieving it is here and now, so let’s go for it.
As we have seen, our psyche-mind develops from a pre-designed and inherited structural and functional model, which is then shaped through the experiences lived and the decisions made. The physical body and its associated subtle field, the subtlesoma, participate in one way or another in the formation and support of the mind, with the brain as a central processor through which they are physically integrated into the subsystems that comprise it. In the Emoenergetica model, the origin of life is perception. The psyche is the container of the observer, the self that is embodied as a volitional entity. The mind emanates from and at the same time settles at the assemblage point, the organ of the luminous cocoon responsible for perception, consciousness and life. Existence is manifested through a feeling of identity (I exist) and through experiences linked to space and time (I am). The mind observes the external world and, in the meantime, creates and inhabits its own internal world. Life is the relationship between the observer and the observed.
We can identify two main types of functions in the mind through which we interpret and interact with reality and with ourselves: the senses and the emotions. According to the Emoenergetica model, both types of interpretation are respectively organized in two connected but separate structures: the sensory core and the emotional core. Ordinarily, the senses have dedicated physical organs, with an identifiable anatomical structure. However, emotions have been and are a bone of contention of philosophy, psychology, science and our everyday life. They are elusive because of the difficulty involved in classifying, numbering and defining them clearly, given that they lack dedicated physical organs. From the perspective of the nervous system, the senses have preferentially recruited areas of the cerebral cortex, while emotions seem to use mostly deep areas of the brain. However, this still tells us relatively little about their nature and workings.
Sight, hearing, kinesthesia, taste, smell and language focus on the external world, and filter and assimilate it through their particular characteristics, thereby generating perception. At the same time, a virtualized inner world is created, a representation built on thought and imagination, through these same six sensory modalities. As a result, on the one hand, the senses give us the possibility of accessing the reality of the external world in a more or less objective way, while, on the other hand, they initiate an internal process that is highly interpretative and subjective. Additionally, a substantial part of individual subjectivity originates in how the six core emotions (joy, fear, sadness, motive force, love, and recreation) function, relate to each other, and integrate with the senses. Emotions must also be connected, together with the six senses, with the external world in the first place, and with the internal world in the second, and, moreover, this hierarchical order must be respected in order to maintain sanity. If sensory or emotional priority is given to the imagined or thought internal world with respect to the perceived external world then this will lead to manifold problems.
Thus, the six core emotions organize, integrate and intensify the information that was previously focused and filtered by the sensory organs, given that each of the six core emotions is linked with the others and with each of the six senses. Once processed in the emotional core, the resulting information is once again returned to the six senses, so that it continues to be recombined with the external information that they have not stopped perceiving. This constant feedback process produces very curious effects, especially on two of the senses. In the first place, it stimulates language, generating a dialectical explanation, the internal dialogue, which is accompanied by thoughts composed of other sensory representations (mainly visual and auditory, but sometimes also olfactory and gustative). Secondly, it activates proprioception through the kinesthetic sense, which transfers different types of sensations to the physical body.
In Emoenergetica, kinesthesia or bodily sense groups different sensory functions such as touch, proprioception, feeling of position, feeling of movement, sense of balance, perception of cold and heat, humidity and dryness, weight and lightness, softness and roughness, hunger and thirst, satiety, etc. All these bodily sensations can be more or less intensified by the emotions, which additionally generate feelings of pleasure-pain, comfort-discomfort, well-being-uneasiness, emptiness-fullness, stability-instability, pleasure-rejection, closeness-separation, identity-otherness among others. Basically, happiness is a kinesthetic sensation that has been emotionally intensified with pleasure, and suffering is a kinesthetic sensation that has been emotionally intensified with pain. This brings us to a thorny issue: intuitively, but erroneously, we often believe that being happy is equivalent to having the emotions right, and that feeling bad is the same as having the emotions wrong. However, it is much more complicated than this: to explain the issue, I developed the concept of emotional symmetry.
Emotional symmetry is a parameter that allows us to assess the integrity, energy and evolution of the six core emotions, through observation of the state of the structure of the emotional core and its capacity to function in the modality called complementarity without dominance. Attaining a great emotional symmetry causes the individual to uphold a psychism in which they accept that they should not establish a preference for any of the core emotions (either pleasant or painful), reducing the dominator-dominated scheme between them, so that they function in a synergistic way. With adequate symmetry, each emotion is individually activated at the right time, with the convenient intensity and for as long as necessary, no more and no less, while presenting a high degree of collaboration and connection between all of them. This type of psychoemotional functioning enables the mind to continuously and sustainably manifest the essential virtues (motivation, prudence, patience, persistence, kindness and temperance), regardless of whether external circumstances are favourable or unfavourable (positive vital attitude), while the six emotional deviations (manic schemes, phobic schemes, depressive schemes, addictive schemes, obsessive schemes and compulsive schemes) are kept at bay, emotional dependencies (need for attention, need for affection and need for support) are reduced and the nourishment of the pillars of the ego (feeling of superiority, feeling of inferiority, feeling of personal importance and feeling of offense) is persistently limited.
Emotionality is a by-product of the emotions, an often perverse hyperactivation of them. The core emotions are permanently operating, regardless of whether or not conscious feelings are being experienced at any given time. Let us remember that emotions reflect the six foundations of the tonal and that they are interconnected to each other following some rules that are expressed through generative cycles, controlling cycles and those of the complementarity of couples, as previously described in the chapters dedicated to the six emotions. Understanding the structure of the emotional core, as well as the patterns and rules that relate some emotions to others can be of great help in the development of emotional symmetry.
In addition, in order to work with our emotional aspect, it is essential to identify our own inertia, paying attention to the excesses in our daily feelings. Sometimes, there is a predominance of sensations related to joy, fear, sadness, motive force, love, recreation, or several of these emotions at the same time. Feelings are a function of emotions that allow us to become aware of the process of emotional intensification through which reality is being filtered at each moment. Regardless of the circumstances, people tend to activate some or all of their emotions more frequently than others. This inertia causes the world to be perceived and accentuated by these emotional tendencies and, often unwittingly, the person will repeatedly seek to hyperactivate these emotions in order to reaffirm their own image of the world and thus transmit it to others. Sometimes, when extraordinary events are experienced, these inertias can be replaced by others. This usually occurs as a result of physical or emotional damage or problems that can provoke cognitive alterations in the form of disorganizations, disintegrations and disconnections, both in the emotions and in the senses or, ideally, as a result of processes of genuine personal growth capable of triggering an increase in individual's emotional symmetry.
Therefore, as a first step in the process of improving one's own emotional core, it is necessary to begin to observe and analyze the way in which one experiences one's relationship with the world and with oneself — not merely emotionally, but also sensorially and dialectically. Emotions are degrees of consciousness, as are the senses. This means that consciousness, which is an energy that is abstract in principle, is concretized and formally organized through the senses and emotions. We already know that our experience of reality is constructed through an interpretation, and that this can be updated and improved, over and over again.
In Emoenergetica we consider that emotional growth, as well as experiential development and rational thinking are all part of horizontal development. However, if a certain level of emotional symmetry is achieved, then this can become one of the main drivers of vertical development, which regards us as energetic beings, perceivers of infinity with the capacity to transcend the human stage through increased awareness and self-knowledge.
Experiential symmetry, which is related to horizontal development, is an indicator related to the quality of acquired sensory strategies and skills, including those that focus on making the portion of behaviour linked to the ability to achieve objectives and resources within society effective. This experience will be more or less influenced by the inheritance received by the individual (biological, karmic, energetic and social) as well as by the decisions he or she makes. Horizontal development is formed by the first three systems of images, those which are inherited, plus the experiential symmetry that forms the bulk of the quaternary system of images, that which is truly individual. Experiential symmetry is measured through the net amount of energy and resources that have been structurally consolidated in the sensorial core and that are working efficiently or that can do so, in order to obtain and stabilize over time mundane objectives related to social, professional and economic success.
Emotional and experiential symmetries are interconnected, since both refer to the functioning modalities of the assemblage core (which is formed, in turn, by the emotional core and the sensory core, organized through the five classes of attention). There are usually significant developmental differences between the two symmetries. It is easier to find people with great experiential symmetry than with great emotional symmetry. This is fundamentally due to the fact that educational and developmental dynamics are primarily focused on intellectual learning. This involves the specialization of the sensory core, which is to say, of the six senses. Our educational models give priority to the development of experiential competences within the linguistic and kinesthetic senses, firstly, to be complemented by the learning of auditory and visual skills, and, residually, olfactory and gustatory. Sensory learning, and particularly that of (intellectual) language, is a powerful promoter of experiential symmetry. For the time being, in spite of its incipient attempts, the educational system has left emotional development on the sidelines.
 |
| The assemblage core (sensory core + emotional core) organized through the five classes of attention, with the perception located at the tip of each class. The medulla (central part) is formed by the interconnections between all the components of the crown (external part). |
As such, at our current stage of evolution, the deviation of the point of equilibrium of each of the core emotions seems almost natural. The complex environment through which we navigate, the hyperstimulation of the senses and a low emotional symmetry can lead the individual to a disintegration with themselves and with the world in which they live. This leads, among other things, to an obsessive concern for the ego, which is in turn fed back by the perverse patterns of emotional dependence that first originated with regard to the paternal and maternal figures during the early stages of life. The needs for attention, affection and support, which were natural during childhood, should evolve into autonomous abilities in the adult. However, low emotional symmetry distorts these needs, thus limiting the possibility of a correct development of the functions of self-image, self-esteem and self-evaluation, provoking an unbalanced and excessive focus towards one's own reflection, which generates a mixture of adoration and rejection towards oneself. Emotional dependencies thereby become the origin and sustenance of the ego, projected by means of the personality.
A few years ago, I believed that the quantity and quality of energetic resources present in each of the core emotions at the time of conception was similar for the majority of human beings. However, over time, I have realized that this appraisal was partially correct and partially incorrect. In a similar way to how each human being inherits a DNA that is 99.9% the same as any other, all of us start with a similar amount of emotional energy, but straight away the particularities and differences are clearly expressed in the emotional core itself. Like the rest of the systems, emotions and their structures will need to be materialized via a generative and maturative process during the fetal stage, which firstly depends on the genetics that the individual has inherited and, secondly, on the ancestral karmic information contained in the kernel of the luminous cocoon. In addition, while the emoenergetic structures develop in the embryo (alongside the rest of the physical and subtle structures), these will already be influenced by the environment and the mother. Uterine life is the first world into which we come, and what happens there will condition part of the excesses and deficiencies present in both the emotional core and the personality. Emotional learning, like physical learning, begins at the very moment of conception.
Almost all human beings are born with low or mediocre emotional symmetry. As a consequence, to attain great emotional symmetry it is necessary to reorganize the emotional core. If this is achieved, we will be able to access reserves and energy resources linked to the personality and the psyche that in most individuals seem blocked, perverted or missing. Furthermore, we need to adequately connect the core emotions with the senses and with the external and internal worlds, so that they form a synergistic whole, a harmonious mandala-shaped structure. Each emotion must maintain its rightful place in order for it to be symmetrical or, in other words, it must fulfill its natural functions in synergy with all the others, fulfilling the law of complementarity without dominance. One of the mistakes we have learned is that of trying to block painful emotions and hyperactivate enjoyable ones. To express symmetry, all of them need to be adjusted, synchronized, and functioning correctly. The results of developing, sustaining and living in this special state of mind of emotional symmetry are manifested in the maintenance of a balanced and positive vital attitude, which will last in time and be independent of circumstances, along with a decrease in internal conflicts and frustration, and an increase in consciousness, together with a refined and adjusted perception, capable of being an efficient tool for development and evolution.
In subsequent chapters, I will explain how the practice of the four psycho-energetic disciplines (meditation, relaxation, recapitulation and introspection) is also necessary on the path of emotional symmetry.
The senses are more connected to the physical world. Emotions are closer to the subtle world. Perhaps this is why it is so beneficial to receive sessions of Bioenergetic Resonance, since the adjustments made within this discipline work directly on the subtlesoma, the assemblage point and the luminous cocoon. To this day, I have not been able to find any other system that is capable of influencing the structure, energy and symmetry of the emotional core as powerfully as this one. In addition to the strong connection between the subtle field and emotions, the other probable reason underlying the difficulty that other methodologies have in improving emotional symmetry is that the knowledge of the emotional core and its emotions is, for the time being, outside the collective consensus. Over time, and thanks to the thousands of hours devoted to the investigation of emotional phenomena by means of psycho-aural readings, I have understood that (excluding bad methodologies that do not lead to any kind of improvement) most of the psychological techniques, whether official or alternative, that have some degree of efficacy are based on supplying different types of emotional and cognitive anesthesia, or else on providing teachings for the acquisition of experiential skills, in which an attempt is made to compensate for psycho-emotional deficiencies and excesses through a reorganization and training of the senses (not the emotions), which can make the individual apparently "overcome" certain limitations that were present prior to the intervention. This approach is much better than doing nothing. There are techniques such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that are at the forefront in terms of the results obtained in comparison to many others and that even share a few principles with Emoenergetica. Nevertheless, the problem remains that a person's emotional core tends to remain in a deplorable and disintegrated state, even when their day-to-day has taken a positive turn by way of successful therapy. Burying a bomb is very different from defusing it. Despite this, even with disciplines such as Bioenergetic Resonance, the evolution of the emotional core is complicated and difficult due to the very nature and strength of the human ego, whose essence is going against emotional symmetry.
Another of the great mysteries in the study of the mind is that of personality. There is a connection between how the emotional and sensory cores are configured and personality. I still do not have sufficient data to establish a relational model between these three elements; therefore, for the time being, I continue to study them separately. What is clear is that, in some way, the individual personality is, on the one hand, the emergent (not primary) product of the (normally asymmetrical) organization of the emotional core and its six core emotions, and on the other, of how the sensory core and the six senses establish their preferences, especially perceptual and representational ones, by prioritizing some senses over others (I see that, I feel that, this smells to me like, it sounds to me like, it tastes to me like, I would say, etc.) and how these systems are able to connect to both the internal world and the external world and to one's own sense of identity. Although, for now, I am not going to elaborate on this, in Emoenergetica there is a model of personality that develops by means of the existence of couples or complementary traits, which should ideally work collaboratively, but which, generally, maintain patterns of asymmetric relationships with each other, with some of their components being very activated and others deficient. Any personality can be divided into ten couples: introverted-extroverted, intimate-group, individualist-altruistic, tolerant-reactive, proactive-passive, leading-following, reflective-impulsive, realistic-idealist, optimistic-pessimistic and objective-subjective. Let us not forget that the personality that we develop in this world since we are born is the egoic personality. So, all these aspects simply reflect different types of ego.
Personality manifests itself through behaviour, which, when executed, feeds back into the personality. In the middle of both of these is the volitional seal, the selector of behaviour, which can drive the evolution of the personality or else its degradation, depending on how the individual uses the degree of freedom that he or she has available at each moment. Whilst personality is predominantly structural, behaviours are functions, programmes of activity.
Thus, the individual characteristics of the sensory and emotional nuclei, as well as those of the personality, are derived from one's own inheritance, and are enriched or impoverished via the management of the experiences that one has lived, mainly those of the fetal stage, childhood and adolescence. Naturally, personality is completed via learning and acquired skills, conveyed through the processes of selection of objectives and decision making and influenced by the patterns of emotional dependence present in the individual. Both decisions and automatisms are the precursors of behaviour. The maximum phase of activity in the development of the personality stretches from conception to the period between the ages of 22 and 24. From the psycho-aural readings made utilizing bioenergetic resonance techniques, I have been able to determine that this is the time around which the brain and self-image (which manages the processes of personality identity) reach structural maturity.
On the other hand, low emotional symmetry manifests itself, in addition to imbalances in one's personality, in the form of blockages, excesses, deficiencies and reversals of polarity in the emotions, which cause different deviations in their inherent natural functions, and, as we know, in the rupture of the law of complementarity without dominance. All this is experienced as excessive and recurrent intensifications in some of the emotions and depletion in others. During the process of learning and maturation, low emotional symmetry drives the incorporation of specific belief systems and maps of emotional dependence, which, in turn, will sustain and nurture new anti-symmetric patterns that will generate a distorted, exaggerated or limited view of oneself, of the world and of existence.
Can we at least conceive that part of our evolutionary process involves increasing emotional symmetry, evolving our personality and managing to transcend our own map of emotional dependencies? This would be the definitive method of sublimating our egoic mind, a previous and essential step to freeing ourselves from it and living the human experience through the original mind and the liberation brought about by the realization that we are much more than we previously believed. We might then enter, be and exist in the transpersonal realm in a balanced and sober way, in which there is no other vital objective than the exploration and increase of consciousness until it is brought to the entirety of the luminous cocoon, to enlightenment and total knowledge of oneself. From the perspective of Emoenergetica, the enlargement of awareness and perception (vertical development) is the ultimate purpose of life.
Not only do we perceive with the senses, we also perceive with the emotions. The evolution of the emotional core, the increase and consolidation of its symmetry, is a very efficient path towards a model of human evolutionary development. However, in order to achieve a certain degree of emotional symmetry, I now believe that it is also essential to increase experiential symmetry. This is why emotional symmetry is capable of stimulating both horizontal and vertical growth. However, experiential symmetry by itself does not lead to emotional symmetry, primarily providing only horizontal development.
In order to develop the symmetry of the emotional core, it is also necessary to reorganize and clean up the inventory and systems of images, including the image of the world and one's own self-image. The inventory in the individual is comprised of systems of identity, belief systems, decisions, strategies and behaviours accumulated throughout life. We must examine our own inventory and analyze its efficiency. We need to accept our own shadow, gradually get to know it, integrate it and, little by little, fill it with light. We must re-educate the six senses, strengthen our attention and encourage both our rational side and our creativity. We need to bolster a genuine interest in learning, accepting the effort that this entails from the outset. We need to acquire and possess strategies and learning that sustain a certain balance and fluidity in the intellectual, creative, affective, social and economic spheres. In other words, we must work to increase and improve horizontal development, so that it forms a solid foundation upon which emotional symmetry can safely be constructed. We will always be able to acquire new knowledge, understanding and skills that will help us, both in our relationship with the everyday world and in our relationship with ourselves. The human that abandons learning is dead whilst still living. We need to identify and accept our vital needs, motivations and objectives, and then discern between the perverse and the symmetrical. We have to recognize the problems that we carry as baggage, redefining the interests and decisions that keep us united or separated from them. It is necessary to re-evaluate the relationships that we sustain, setting limits or putting an end to those that are harmful or toxic. We need to make use of the most authentic honesty we possess and then ask ourselves whether we are doing what is necessary, or merely avoiding it. Self-deception and a lack of impeccability will make you feel that you do not respect yourself and that you are not being faithful to yourself. It is common to have negative feelings towards the person who is unfaithful to you, but it is much worse when that person is you, yourself, and you feel the betrayal from and towards the inside. So, set priorities, imagine how you will feel a year from now if you continue not to make the necessary changes, and then ask yourself what your life will be like in five, ten, or twenty years if you continue to be unfaithful to yourself. Now imagine the opposite scenario – how will I feel if I accept the challenge and try to stay in the right course throughout my life, focusing more on the path than the goal? Think about how you will feel; visualize yourself 5 years from now, 20 years from now, or when you die. You die in peace when you have been faithful to yourself. You feel gratitude towards the life you have been given. You can turn a painful, comfortable or simply worn out existence into a wonder until the very end.
Emoenergetica seeks emotional symmetry. This is a path in which life is experienced as a quest for learning and consciousness, in which enjoyment, fear, loss, struggle, love and beauty inherent to one's existence are accepted in equal parts.
Unquestionably, emotional symmetry is a way through which the human mind can completely abandon the bestial level, in order to truly develop on the human level, with the purpose of someday being able to make the leap to the transpersonal level, where the only valuable learning is that which promotes an enhancement of the consciousness of being. Emotional symmetry does not eliminate pain, although it does eliminate suffering – that which is generated in a perverse way by one's own mind. It does, however, give a person a special kind of drive and sobriety, which are extremely useful for motivating oneself to learn what is necessary and to walk with dignity on this path of life.
A lack of emotional symmetry can be considered an indicator of how far one is from the possibility of achieving vertical or spiritual developments. However, it is also possible to find people who have achieved some development and expansion in their consciousness and yet maintain a low emotional symmetry. Sometimes, this occurs when the individual decides to grow via the tenebrous path, which leads to morbidity, on certain occasions almost unconsciously and on others in a completely voluntary and conscious way, attempting to increase one's consciousness in exchange for the growth of darkness in oneself and in one's fellow human beings, promoting one's own degeneration as a human being and altering one's empathy until one becomes a true psychopath. Furthermore, consciousness can also be expanded without increasing emotional symmetry, for example, through the development of subtle vision, or by triggering altered states of perception, either with psychedelic drugs, or through sensory deprivation, or by means of concentration techniques, including meditation, or even through spontaneous emergencies of visionary or epiphanic experiences, which occur more habitually in people who have serious structural alterations in the assemblage point, presenting, in addition, a very damaged and fragmented emotional core. Spiritual experiences are not necessarily indicative of vertical, let alone emotional, development. This is another of the conundrums that every warrior of consciousness must solve in order to move forward.
Asymmetrical developments in the emotional core generate configurations in the form of spearheads or broken spearheads, which I will discuss in the next chapter, and perpetuate bestial characteristics in human beings (patterns of predation-prey, attack-flight and owner-slave towards those who are of our own species, as well as alterations in empathy).
Experiences are important in developing the decision-making ability that every living being is impelled to use at every stage. Nevertheless, experience does not completely condition a person's decisions, but only influences them. The possibility of a greater or lesser emotional symmetry, or at least of a more elevated or crude personality, will depend on the quality and correctness of each decision taken. As I have already explained, personality manifests itself through behaviour and this, in turn, feeds back into the personality, which is part of the automaton. Let us bear in mind that experiences generate memories on the one hand and automatisms on the other.
As such, personality is a state, however, behaviour is a process that is mediated by decision making, and therefore can be modified through the manifestation of individual intent. The selection of objectives feeds on interest, although we need to separate positive interests from perverse ones. It is the starting point in the decision-making process. Interest, in turn, arises from need, which, again, may present itself in either its positive or its perverse form. The more emotional symmetry one has, the better one recognizes essential needs, those that lead the individual to balance and continued growth. Need is part of life, denying it only leads to further problems. The work is to rid oneself of pernicious needs, those that distance us from symmetry, generating more psycho-emotional entropy, ignorance and involution. The rest simply have to be adequately met in order to continue in a balanced way with the knowledge of the being that we are.
The objective is to reach and maintain an impeccable sobriety, which arrives at a point where it is indispensable, since the path of knowledge is full of unimaginable traps in which the ego can camouflage itself as the monster with a thousand faces. Additionally, one must cultivate the renouncement of complaint, the demystification of personal importance and the repeated access to inner silence by means of real, active and passive meditation practices. It is vital to remain in a mode of calm self-analysis and introspection without judgment, without pity and without self-deception. As I have already mentioned, it is also essential to persistently practice techniques of recapitulation, with the initial objective of alleviating existing tensions and dealing better with those that emerge from the unconscious, and also with the aim of purifying one's luminous cocoon and freeing it from the exogenous energies incorporated through social contact, recovering one's own energies that were embroiled in relationship patterns based on emotional dependence. In later chapters, we will talk a great deal about Emoenergetica’s method of recapitulation. We will also need to stimulate and develop true analytical thinking, complemented by a holistic-energetic and systemic (everything is connected) and transpersonal (I am more than a physical body) view of reality, as well as fine-tuning the senses and reorganizing language. This will gradually bring wisdom in the form of discernment and impeccability, which is obtained through the unbending intent to grow, balance and maintain synergy between the virtues, which are, in reality, an expression of emotional symmetry.
To conclude, I would like to underline the fact that a heightened level of emotional symmetry is the ideal state when it comes to efficiently confronting the ancestral riddle about the existence and role of good and evil, ignorance and knowledge. There will be a good number of further chapters showing the maps of the territories in which every warrior who so deigns will inevitably have to find his or her own destiny. Battles will have to be fought and it will have to be assumed in advance that some of them will last a lifetime and also that there will be the possibility of defeat. And yet, if there is one confrontation in this world that is worthwhile it is this one, herein lies the opportunity to fight on the behalf of the self and against the different ghosts and demons commanded by the ego. They are formidable enemies, taking the form of emotional dependencies, pillars of the ego, emotional deviations, psychological reverses, malignancies, negative feelings, attachment, desire, rejection, ignorance, cowardice and more. Whoever makes the path, makes the battle – this is why we call ourselves warriors of consciousness.
Start the journey www.emoenergetica.com
Emotional Symmetry by Chema Sanz is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.